Author: askyourobgynae

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What Happens at Your Annual Gynae Check-up?

Your annual gynae check-up usually involves several steps, depending on your age, medical history, and current health status.

Medical History and Lifestyle Discussion

The first part of your check-up will include a conversation about your:

  • Menstrual cycle (irregularities, pain, etc.)
  • Sexual health and contraceptive needs
  • Pregnancy history (if applicable)
  • Family medical history, including any history of gynaecological cancers or STIs
  • Lifestyle habits such as diet, exercise, and stress levels

Your gynaecologist will also discuss any concerns or symptoms you might have, helping tailor the check-up to your specific needs.

2. Physical Examination

A thorough physical examination is a vital part of the annual check-up:

  • Breast Examination: Your gynaecologist will check for any lumps, tenderness, or abnormalities in the breasts that could indicate potential issues such as breast cancer.
  • Pelvic Examination: This may include an internal exam to assess the health of your uterus, ovaries, and cervix, checking for any abnormalities such as cysts, fibroids, or signs of infections.
  • External Examination: The external genital area is also inspected for signs of irritation, infections, or abnormalities.

These exams help your gynae detect any potential issues early, allowing for prompt intervention if necessary.

3. Essential Tests and Screenings

Pap Smear and HPV Testing

For women over 21, a Pap smear is an essential screening test for cervical cancer. It helps detect abnormal cells on the cervix before they develop into cancer. If necessary, HPV testing may also be recommended, as certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV) are linked to an increased risk of cervical cancer.

Breast Cancer Screening

Women over 40 may be advised to undergo a mammogram or an ultrasound for breast cancer screening. However, if you are younger and have a family history of breast cancer, clinical breast exams may be recommended earlier.

Ultrasound or Imaging Tests

Depending on your symptoms and age, your gynaecologist may recommend an ultrasound to check the ovaries, uterus, or other reproductive organs for cysts, fibroids, or other abnormalities.

4. Fertility and Family Planning Consultation

For women of reproductive age, the check-up will likely include discussions about family planning options and fertility health. Dr Kelly Loi offers personalised fertility guidance, including advice on IVF, egg freezing, and other assisted reproductive technologies. Women concerned about their fertility, whether due to age, health conditions, or other factors, may find this aspect of the check-up particularly helpful.

When Should You Have Your Annual Gynae Check-up?

It is generally recommended that women start having annual gynae check-ups at the age of 21 or when they become sexually active, whichever comes first. Regular check-ups should continue every year or as advised by your gynaecologist, based on your individual health needs.

What Happens If Abnormalities Are Found?

If any abnormalities or concerning findings are detected during the check-up, your gynae will guide you through the next steps. Depending on the findings, additional tests or follow-up visits may be required. This can include:

  • Further imaging or tests to evaluate abnormalities
  • Treatment or medication to manage conditions like infections, fibroids, or hormonal imbalances
  • Referral to specialists if necessary for more in-depth care

Early detection of abnormalities significantly improves outcomes and treatment effectiveness.

About Dr Kelly Loi

Dr Kelly Loi is a highly skilled Obstetrician and Gynaecologist specialising in reproductive medicine, fertility treatment, and minimally invasive surgery. She practices at the Health & Fertility Centre for Women and is known for her compassionate care and advanced treatment options.

  • Education: Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (Oxford)
  • Specialisation: IVF, fertility treatments, laparoscopic & hysteroscopic surgery
  • Roles: Medical Director & Clinical Governance Officer at Monash IVF Singapore, Medical Director at Health & Fertility Centre for Women
  • Accreditations: Fellow of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (UK), Fellow of the Academy of Medicine (Singapore)

Dr Loi has been practising for several years, providing expert care in fertility, gynaecology, and minimally invasive surgery.

Conclusion

Your annual gynae check-up is an essential part of maintaining female health and well-being. It is a comprehensive evaluation of your reproductive health, screening for potential issues such as cervical cancer, breast cancer, and STIs, as well as offering valuable advice on fertility and family planning.

For personalised care and comprehensive female health screenings, schedule an appointment with Dr Kelly Loi at the Health & Fertility Centre for Women.

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OB-GYN

What is The Difference Between An Obstetrician and A Gynaecologist?

Many people are unsure of the difference between an obstetrician and a gynaecologist, but understanding these specialisations is crucial when it comes to maintaining female health. These two roles are closely related, yet they serve distinct purposes in the realm of women’s healthcare.

In this article, Dr Kelly Loi, a Senior Consultant Obstetrician & Gynaecologist at the Health & Fertility Centre for Women, will explain the differences between an obstetrician and a gynaecologist, what each specialist focuses on, and when you should see one.

What Does a Gynaecologist Do?

A gynaecologist is a medical doctor who specialises in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the female reproductive system. Their role encompasses a wide range of women’s health concerns, including:

  • Menstrual health (irregular periods, heavy bleeding, etc.)
  • Pelvic pain
  • Infections and STIs
  • Hormonal imbalances
  • Fibroids, cysts, and endometriosis
  • Contraception and family planning

Routine checks such as Pap smears, HPV testing, and breast exams also fall under the scope of a gynaecologist’s expertise.
These specialists provide essential preventive care for women of all ages, from adolescence through menopause and beyond.

What Does an Obstetrician Do?

An obstetrician is a doctor who focuses on pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. Their role is specifically related to providing care during pregnancy, helping women deliver their babies safely, and managing any complications that may arise during pregnancy or childbirth.

Some common reasons to visit an obstetrician include:

  • Prenatal care during pregnancy
  • Managing high-risk pregnancies
  • Assisting with labour and delivery
  • Postpartum care after childbirth

Obstetricians may also work closely with gynaecologists to monitor reproductive health in women trying to conceive or after pregnancy.

Key Differences Between an Obstetrician and a Gynaecologist

SpecialistFocus AreasWhen to See Them
Gynaecologist– Menstrual health
– Hormonal disorders
– Reproductive health issues (fibroids, endometriosis)
– STIs and infections
– Contraception and family planning		– Irregular or painful periods
– Painful intercourse
– Pelvic pain
– Family planning or contraception questions
Obstetrician– Pregnancy care
– Prenatal and postnatal care
– Labour and delivery
– High-risk pregnancy management
– Management of pregnancy-related complications		– Pregnancy testing
– Prenatal care
– Delivery or complications during pregnancy

While both an obstetrician and a gynaecologist specialise in women’s health, their focus areas are different. However, many doctors, like Dr Kelly Loi, are dual-trained and can provide both obstetric and gynaecological care, offering comprehensive care throughout a woman’s reproductive life.

When Should You See a Gynaecologist or Obstetrician?

  • See a gynaecologist if you are experiencing any reproductive health issues, including abnormal periods, pelvic pain, or concerns about menopause. Regular check-ups are essential for preventing or detecting conditions like ovarian cysts, fibroids, and cervical cancer.
  • See an obstetrician if you are pregnant, planning to get pregnant, or if you are having issues related to pregnancy. Regular visits with an obstetrician are essential for ensuring the health of both the mother and the baby.

Many women may see both specialists during their lifetime, depending on their reproductive health needs and life stages.

Dr Kelly Loi: Your Female Health Specialist

Dr Kelly Loi is a Senior Consultant Obstetrician & Gynaecologist who offers personalised care for both obstetrics and gynaecology at the Health & Fertility Centre for Women. She has vast experience in the following areas:

  • Obstetrics: Managing pregnancies, delivering babies, and providing postnatal care.
  • Gynaecology: Diagnosing and treating reproductive health issues, including fertility problems, endometriosis, fibroids, and cancer screenings.

Dr Loi’s expertise also extends to IVF and minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery for various gynaecological conditions. As a medical director of the clinic, Dr Loi is dedicated to offering comprehensive care for women, from adolescence through menopause and beyond.

Why Choose Dr Kelly Loi?

With a stellar educational background from Oxford University Medical School and advanced training in fertility preservation and minimally invasive surgery, Dr Kelly Loi is committed to providing exceptional care to her patients. She has served in multiple prominent roles, including as Medical Director at Monash IVF Singapore and Mount Elizabeth Hospital Fertility Centre.

Dr Loi’s approach combines personalised care, cutting-edge medical practices, and a compassionate understanding of women’s health. Whether you need routine screenings, help with fertility, or guidance during pregnancy, Dr Kelly Loi and her team at Health & Fertility Centre for Women provide the support and expertise you need.

Conclusion

Understanding the difference between an obstetrician and a gynaecologist is essential for your health journey. Both specialists play vital roles in female health but focus on different aspects of care. Whether you need assistance with reproductive health, pregnancy, or fertility, Dr Kelly Loi offers the comprehensive care you need throughout all stages of life.

If you are looking for a trusted obstetrician or gynaecologist in Singapore, consider booking a consultation with Dr Kelly Loi at the Health & Fertility Centre for Women to take the first step toward a healthier future.

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Prenatal Screening Tests in Singapore: The First Trimester

Prenatal screening tests are an essential part of ensuring the health of both the mother and the baby during pregnancy. In Singapore, expectant mothers are advised to undergo these tests, especially during the first trimester, to identify potential risks early and make informed decisions regarding their health and the health of their unborn child.

Dr Kelly Loi, a Senior Consultant Obstetrician & Gynaecologist at the Health & Fertility Centre for Women, explains the common prenatal tests performed in the first trimester, their importance, and how they contribute to a healthier pregnancy.

Why Are Prenatal Screening Tests Important?

Prenatal screening tests help detect certain genetic disorders and birth defects that may affect the baby’s health. The tests can also provide early indications of potential complications, allowing for timely interventions or additional testing.

By performing these tests early in pregnancy, you and your doctor can discuss available options, plan for necessary care, and ensure a smoother pregnancy journey.

Common Prenatal Screening Tests in the First Trimester

1. Blood Tests

Blood tests are commonly performed in the first trimester to assess several important factors, such as:

  • Maternal blood type and Rh factor
  • Complete blood count (CBC) to check for conditions like anaemia
  • Screening for infections like HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B
  • Blood sugar levels to assess risk for gestational diabetes
  • Down syndrome risk screening using markers like PAPP-A (Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A) and free beta-hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)

These tests help to identify conditions that could impact both the mother and baby, providing valuable insights into the health of the pregnancy.

2. Nuchal Translucency Screening (NT Screening)

Nuchal translucency screening is a non-invasive ultrasound test that measures the fluid-filled space at the back of the baby’s neck. A thicker nuchal translucency can be a sign of chromosomal abnormalities such as Down syndrome (trisomy 21) and trisomy 18. This test is usually performed between 11 and 14 weeks of pregnancy.

The NT screening is combined with maternal blood tests to calculate a more accurate risk assessment for chromosomal abnormalities.

3. Ultrasound Scans

Ultrasound scans are an integral part of prenatal care. In the first trimester, an early ultrasound scan (usually between 6 to 9 weeks) is performed to:

  • Confirm the due date
  • Check the heartbeat of the baby
  • Determine if the pregnancy is in the uterus (to rule out ectopic pregnancy)
  • Assess for the presence of multiple pregnancies (twins, triplets, etc.)

This ultrasound also helps confirm the viability of the pregnancy and is crucial for the early detection of any potential issues.

What Do These Tests Screen For?

These prenatal screening tests help detect several potential health issues, including:

  • Down syndrome (trisomy 21)
  • Edward’s syndrome (trisomy 18)
  • Patau syndrome (trisomy 13)
  • Neural tube defects (e.g., spina bifida)
  • Chromosomal abnormalities
  • Maternal health conditions (e.g., diabetes, infections, anaemia)

The results from these tests help doctors plan the next steps in managing the pregnancy and provide guidance for any additional tests or treatments that may be needed.

What Happens After the First Trimester Screening?

After your first-trimester screening, the results will be discussed with you. If any high-risk factors are identified, your doctor may recommend further diagnostic tests, such as:

  • Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) or amniocentesis for more definitive testing if there are concerns about chromosomal abnormalities or genetic disorders.
  • Further ultrasounds to monitor fetal development and assess any potential issues detected during the screening.

Dr Kelly Loi and the team at Health & Fertility Centre for Women will ensure you are fully informed and guided through any next steps, providing you with the support you need during this important stage of your pregnancy.

Dr Kelly Loi: Your Trusted Obstetrician in Singapore

Dr Kelly Loi is a Senior Consultant Obstetrician & Gynaecologist with years of experience in managing prenatal care, fertility treatments, and IVF at the Health & Fertility Centre for Women. Dr Loi offers personalised care for women, from preconception through to pregnancy and childbirth.

  • Accreditations: Fellow of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (UK) and Fellow of the Academy of Medicine (Singapore).
  • Specialties: Obstetrics, Gynaecology, IVF, Reproductive Medicine, Minimally Invasive Surgery
  • Consulting at: Mount Elizabeth Medical Centre

Dr Kelly Loi has helped numerous women achieve healthy pregnancies through personalised care and state-of-the-art facilities. She is passionate about providing comprehensive prenatal screening to ensure the health of both mother and baby.

Prenatal screening tests in the first trimester are an essential part of monitoring maternal and fetal health. These tests help to identify potential risks and abnormalities early, allowing for better management of the pregnancy. Whether you are in the early stages of pregnancy or planning to conceive, the expertise of Dr Kelly Loi ensures that you receive the highest level of care throughout your pregnancy journey.

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What Do Minimally Invasive Gynaecological Procedures Treat?

Minimally invasive gynaecological procedures, also known as keyhole surgery or laparoscopic surgery, are increasingly being used in modern medicine to treat a variety of gynaecological conditions. These procedures are characterised by smaller incisions, reduced pain, and quicker recovery times compared to traditional surgeries.

In this article, Dr Kelly Loi, a Senior Consultant Obstetrician & Gynaecologist at the Health & Fertility Centre for Women, explains the types of minimally invasive gynaecological procedures, what conditions they treat, and how they improve patient outcomes.

What is Minimally Invasive Gynaecological Surgery?

Minimally invasive gynaecological surgery includes procedures where the surgeon uses small incisions and specialised instruments, including a camera, to perform surgeries with minimal disruption to the body. The camera provides the surgeon with a clear view of the internal organs, which are used to guide the surgical procedure.

The two most common types of minimally invasive gynaecological procedures are:

  • Laparoscopic Surgery (Keyhole Surgery)
  • Hysteroscopic Surgery

These procedures are designed to treat conditions affecting the female reproductive organs with minimal recovery time and reduced risk of complications.

Conditions Treated by Minimally Invasive Gynaecological Procedures

1. Endometriosis

Endometriosis occurs when tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus, causing pain, heavy periods, and infertility. Laparoscopic surgery is often used to remove these endometrial growths. This helps reduce pain and improve fertility, offering a minimally invasive solution for managing this condition.

2. Uterine Fibroids

Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths in the uterus that can cause pain, heavy bleeding, and discomfort. Laparoscopic myomectomy is a minimally invasive procedure to remove fibroids while preserving the uterus. This procedure reduces the risk of complications compared to traditional surgery and allows for faster recovery.

3. Infertility Issues

For women experiencing infertility, laparoscopy can be used to diagnose and treat conditions such as blocked fallopian tubes or pelvic adhesions. By removing adhesions or other obstructions, laparoscopy can improve the chances of pregnancy. Additionally, hysteroscopic surgery can treat abnormalities in the uterus, such as polyps or septums, that may prevent successful implantation.

4. Ovarian Cysts

Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop on the ovaries. If a cyst becomes large or causes pain, it may need to be removed. Laparoscopic surgery allows the surgeon to remove the cyst with minimal scarring, preserving the ovary’s function.

5. Pelvic Adhesions

Pelvic adhesions are bands of scar tissue that form between organs, often caused by previous surgeries, infections, or endometriosis. Laparoscopic surgery is used to break down these adhesions and free the organs, reducing pain and improving organ function.

6. Hysterectomy

In cases where a hysterectomy is necessary (the removal of the uterus), laparoscopic surgery offers a less invasive alternative to traditional open surgery. This procedure has the advantage of a shorter hospital stay and faster recovery time, making it a preferred option for many women.

What is Hysteroscopic Surgery?

Hysteroscopic surgery is a procedure used to treat conditions inside the uterus, such as fibroids, polyps, adhesions, and septums. It involves inserting a thin tube with a light and camera through the vagina into the uterus. This allows the surgeon to view and treat the problem without any external incisions.

Conditions treated by hysteroscopic surgery include:

  • Uterine fibroids
  • Uterine polyps
  • Endometrial ablation for heavy bleeding
  • Septum removal in cases of congenital uterine anomalies

Benefits of Minimally Invasive Gynaecological Procedures

The primary benefits of laparoscopic and hysteroscopic surgery include:

  • Smaller incisions, leading to less scarring
  • Reduced pain and faster recovery time
  • Shorter hospital stays, with many procedures being outpatient
  • Lower risk of infection and other complications
  • The ability to return to normal activities more quickly than with traditional surgery

These procedures offer a gentler and more efficient alternative to traditional open surgery, improving the patient experience and outcomes.

Why Choose Dr Kelly Loi for Your Minimally Invasive Gynaecological Surgery?

Dr Kelly Loi is a Senior Consultant Obstetrician & Gynaecologist with extensive expertise in minimally invasive gynaecological surgeries. At the Health & Fertility Centre for Women, she provides personalised care and employs laparoscopic (keyhole) surgery and hysteroscopic surgery to treat a variety of conditions with minimal disruption to the patient’s body.

Dr Loi is a Fellow of the Royal College of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists (UK) and a Fellow of the Academy of Medicine (Singapore). She specialises in reproductive medicine, fertility, IVF, and minimally invasive surgery for gynaecological conditions. Her approach combines cutting-edge techniques and compassionate care to ensure optimal patient outcomes.

Conclusion

Minimally invasive gynaecological procedures, such as laparoscopy and hysteroscopic surgery, are effective treatments for many common female health issues. These procedures offer shorter recovery times, less pain, and minimal scarring compared to traditional surgeries, making them an attractive option for women seeking solutions to conditions like endometriosis, fibroids, and infertility.

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How Does IVF Work: A Comprehensive Guide to the IVF Process

Are you considering in vitro fertilization (IVF) as a means to start a family? IVF is a complex medical procedure that involves fertilizing an egg with sperm outside of the body and implanting it into the uterus. In this article, we will explore the step-by-step process of how IVF works, from preparation to embryo transfer.

IVF is a procedure that can help individuals and couples who are struggling with infertility. The process involves several steps, and it is essential to understand how it works before undergoing treatment. In this article, we will explain each step of the IVF process in detail and answer some frequently asked questions.

Preparation for IVF

Before starting IVF, there are several steps involved in preparation. These include:

Consultation and Testing

The first step in the IVF process is to consult with a IVF doctor who will evaluate your medical history and perform tests to assess your fertility. These tests may include a physical examination, blood tests, and ultrasound imaging.

Ovarian Stimulation

Once the fertility specialist has evaluated your fertility, they will prescribe medication to stimulate your ovaries to produce multiple eggs. This medication is administered via injections and is intended to increase the chances of fertilization during the IVF process.

Egg Retrieval

After the ovaries have been stimulated, the next step is to retrieve the eggs. This is done through a minor surgical procedure known as transvaginal ultrasound-guided follicle aspiration. During this procedure, a needle is inserted through the vaginal wall to remove the eggs from the follicles in the ovaries.

How Does IVF Work?

After the eggs have been retrieved, the process of fertilization can begin. The steps involved in IVF are as follows:

Sperm Collection

The male partner is asked to provide a semen sample on the same day as the egg retrieval. The semen is then washed and prepared to isolate the healthiest sperm for fertilization.

Insemination or Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)

The next step is to combine the sperm and the eggs for fertilization. There are two ways to do this:

  • Insemination: The sperm and eggs are mixed together in a culture dish and left to fertilize naturally.
  • Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI): A single sperm is injected directly into the egg using a fine needle.

Embryo Culture

After fertilization, the embryos are cultured in a laboratory for 3-5 days to allow for cell division and growth. The embryologist will monitor the embryos and select the healthiest one(s) for transfer.

Embryo Transfer

The final step in the IVF process is to transfer the embryos into the uterus. This is done by inserting a catheter through the cervix and into the uterus, where the embryos are deposited. The number of embryos transferred will depend on several factors, including age and the quality of the embryos.

FAQs About IVF

  • Is IVF painful?

IVF is generally not painful, although some women may experience mild discomfort during the egg retrieval process. Pain medication can be prescribed to alleviate any discomfort.

  • What is the success rate of IVF?

The success rate of IVF varies depending on several factors, including age, health, and the quality of the embryos. According to the CDC, the success rate for women under 35 is around 40%.

  • Can IVF be done with donor eggs or sperm?

Yes, IVF can be done with donor eggs or sperm. This is often an option for couples who are unable

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When to Visit Gynaecologist During Pregnancy

Pregnancy is an exciting and crucial time for any woman, and proper medical care is essential to ensure the health and well-being of both the mother and the developing fetus. Visiting a gynaecologist during pregnancy is important to monitor the progress of pregnancy, identify any potential risks, and address any concerns. In this article, we will discuss when to visit a gynaecologist during pregnancy, what to expect during these visits, and the importance of prenatal care.

Importance of Prenatal Care

Prenatal care is essential for the health and well-being of both the mother and the developing fetus. Regular visits to a gynaecologist during pregnancy can help monitor the health of the mother and the baby, detect any potential complications early, and ensure that the pregnancy progresses as smoothly as possible. Prenatal care also provides an opportunity for women to ask questions and address any concerns they may have about their pregnancy.

The First Visit to the Gynaecologist

The first visit to the gynaecologist during pregnancy usually takes place around 8-10 weeks of gestation. During this visit, the gynaecologist will perform a comprehensive physical examination, which may include a pelvic exam, Pap test, and breast exam. The gynaecologist will also take a medical history and ask questions about any previous pregnancies, medical conditions, or medications the patient may be taking.

Tests and Screenings

In addition to the physical examination, the gynaecologist may recommend several tests and screenings during the first visit, including blood tests to check for anemia and immunity to certain infections, such as rubella and chickenpox. The gynaecologist may also perform an ultrasound to confirm the due date and check for any abnormalities in the fetus.

Subsequent Visits to the Gynaecologist

After the first visit, subsequent visits to the gynaecologist usually take place every 4 weeks until the 28th week of pregnancy, and then every 2 weeks until the 36th week, and finally every week until delivery. During these visits, the gynaecologist will perform a physical examination, monitor the growth and development of the fetus, and check for any potential complications, such as high blood pressure, gestational diabetes, or preterm labor.

Physical Examination and Tests

The physical examination during subsequent visits may include measuring the size of the uterus, checking the fetal heart rate, and assessing the position of the baby. The gynaecologist may also recommend additional tests, such as an amniocentesis, which involves taking a sample of the amniotic fluid to check for genetic abnormalities, or a non-stress test, which measures the baby’s heart rate in response to fetal movement.

Signs to Watch for

It is essential to be aware of the signs that may indicate a potential problem during pregnancy. Some red flags include vaginal bleeding, severe abdominal pain, fever, and decreased fetal movement. If any of these symptoms occur, it is essential to seek immediate medical attention.

When to Seek Immediate Medical Attention

It is also important to be aware of when to seek immediate medical attention. Some situations that require immediate medical attention include vaginal bleeding, severe abdominal pain, signs of preterm labor, such as regular contractions or a constant feeling of pressure, ruptured membranes, or any sudden decrease in fetal movement.

Visiting a gynaecologist during pregnancy is essential to ensure the health and well-being of both the mother and the developing fetus. Regular prenatal care can help detect any potential complications early and ensure that the pregnancy progresses as smoothly as possible. It is important to be aware of the signs that may indicate a problem during pregnancy and to seek immediate medical attention if necessary.

FAQs

When should I first visit a gynaecologist during pregnancy?

The first visit should take place around 8-10 weeks of gestation.

How often should I visit a gynaecologist during pregnancy?

Visits should occur every 4 weeks until the 28th week, then every 2 weeks until the 36th week, and then every week until delivery.

What tests and screenings should I expect during prenatal care?

Blood tests to check for anemia and immunity to certain infections, such as rubella and chickenpox, and an ultrasound to confirm the due date and check for any abnormalities in the fetus, among others.

What are some signs that may indicate a problem during pregnancy?

Vaginal bleeding, severe abdominal pain, signs of preterm labor, such as regular contractions or a constant feeling of pressure, ruptured membranes, or any sudden decrease in fetal movement.

Why is prenatal care important?

Prenatal care is essential for the health and well-being of both the mother and the developing fetus, and regular visits to a gynaecologist during pregnancy can help monitor the health of the mother and the baby, detect any potential complications early, and ensure that the pregnancy progresses as smoothly as possible.

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Common Gynaecological Issues in Singapore and Their Treatment Options

Gynaecological issues are health problems that affect the female reproductive system. These issues can cause discomfort and pain, and in some cases, lead to infertility. It’s essential to identify and treat these problems early to prevent them from causing more significant health issues in the future. In this article, we will discuss some of the most common gynaecological issues, their diagnosis, treatment options, and how to prevent them.

Importance of Identifying and Treating Gynaecological Issues

Gynaecological issues can cause significant discomfort and pain, and in some cases, can lead to infertility. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent these issues from developing into more severe health problems. It’s essential to be aware of the signs and symptoms of these conditions and seek medical attention promptly to manage them.

Common Gynaecological Issues

Here are some of the most common gynaecological issues:

  • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) – Pelvic Inflammatory Disease is a bacterial infection of the reproductive system. It occurs when bacteria spread from the vagina to the uterus, fallopian tubes, or ovaries. PID can cause fever, pelvic pain, painful sex, and abnormal vaginal discharge. If left untreated, PID can lead to long-term health problems such as infertility and chronic pelvic pain.
  • Endometriosis – Endometriosis is a condition where the tissue that lines the uterus grows outside of the uterus, such as on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, or other pelvic organs. This tissue responds to hormones, just like the lining of the uterus, and can cause pain, heavy periods, and infertility. Endometriosis can be difficult to diagnose and manage, but early detection and treatment can help prevent complications.
  • Ovarian Cysts – Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that form on the ovaries. They are common and often asymptomatic, but in some cases, they can cause pelvic pain, bloating, and irregular periods. Most ovarian cysts are harmless and will resolve on their own, but in some cases, they may require medical intervention.
  • Fibroids – Fibroids are non-cancerous growths that form in the uterus. They can cause heavy periods, pelvic pain, and discomfort during sex. Fibroids are very common and are usually benign, but in some cases, they may require medical intervention.
  • Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) – Urinary Tract Infections are bacterial infections of the urinary tract. They are common in women and can cause painful urination, pelvic pain, and an urgent need to urinate. UTIs can be easily treated with antibiotics, but if left untreated, they can lead to more severe health problems.

Preventing Gynaecological Issues

While there is no surefire way to prevent all gynaecological issues, there are steps that women can take to reduce their risk. Here are some preventative measures that female gynaes recommend:

A. Good Hygiene Practices

One of the simplest ways to prevent gynaecological issues is by practicing good hygiene. This includes:

  • Washing the genital area with warm water and mild soap, and patting dry.
  • Wiping from front to back after using the toilet.
  • Changing pads, tampons, or menstrual cups frequently during menstruation.
  • Avoiding douching, which can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina.

B. Regular Checkups

Regular checkups with a female gynaecologist are important for maintaining gynaecological health. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists recommends that women have their first gynaecologic visit between the ages of 13 and 15 years. After that, women should have a pelvic exam and Pap smear every 1-3 years, depending on their age and medical history.

C. Healthy Lifestyle Habits

Certain lifestyle habits can also help prevent gynaecological issues. These include:

  • Maintaining a healthy weight: Being overweight or obese can increase the risk of gynaecological issues such as fibroids and endometrial cancer.
  • Eating a balanced diet: A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can help reduce the risk of gynaecological issues.
  • Exercising regularly: Regular exercise can help maintain a healthy weight and reduce the risk of gynaecological issues such as fibroids and endometrial cancer.
  • Avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption: Both smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can increase the risk of gynaecological issues such as cervical cancer.

Gynaecological issues are common among women of all ages, but they can be prevented or treated with the right care. It is important for women to be aware of the signs and symptoms of gynaecological issues and to seek medical attention if they experience any abnormal changes in their menstrual cycle, discharge, or pain in the pelvic area.

Regular checkups with a female gynaecologist can help detect gynaecological issues early on and provide the necessary treatment to prevent them from becoming more serious. By practicing good hygiene, adopting healthy lifestyle habits, and seeking medical attention when needed, women can take control of their gynaecological health and prevent or treat any issues that may arise.

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Understanding the Menstrual Cycle: A Comprehensive Guide

The menstrual cycle is a natural process that every woman goes through, and understanding it is crucial for overall health. In this comprehensive guide by a gynaecologist in Singapore, we’ll discuss the menstrual cycle phases and common problems that may arise, as well as ways to manage them.

The Phases of the Menstrual Cycle

The menstrual cycle is a complex process that involves a delicate balance of hormones and physical changes in the body. It’s divided into four phases:

  1. Menstrual Phase: The menstrual phase marks the beginning of the menstrual cycle and lasts for 3-7 days. During this phase, the uterus sheds its lining, resulting in bleeding.
  2. Follicular Phase: The follicular phase begins after the menstrual phase and lasts for about 10-14 days. During this phase, follicles in the ovaries start to mature, and one follicle will eventually become dominant and release an egg.
  3. Ovulatory Phase: The ovulatory phase occurs when the dominant follicle releases an egg from the ovary, which travels towards the uterus. This phase lasts for a few days and is the most fertile time for pregnancy.
  4. Luteal Phase: The luteal phase begins after ovulation and lasts for about 10-14 days. During this phase, the corpus luteum, which is the empty follicle after the egg has been released, produces progesterone to support a possible pregnancy. If pregnancy does not occur, the corpus luteum disintegrates, and the cycle starts again with the menstrual phase.

Common Menstrual Cycle Problems

Women may encounter several problems related to their menstrual cycle. Here are some of the most common ones:

  1. Irregular Menstrual Cycles: Women with irregular menstrual cycles may have periods that occur more frequently or less frequently than usual, or may skip periods altogether. Stress, weight changes, and certain medical conditions can cause irregular cycles.
  2. Heavy Menstrual Bleeding: Women who experience heavy menstrual bleeding may soak through tampons or pads quickly and have to change them frequently. This can be a symptom of uterine fibroids or hormonal imbalances.
  3. Painful Periods: Painful periods, also known as dysmenorrhea, can cause cramps, bloating, and nausea. They can be caused by endometriosis, uterine fibroids, or other conditions.
  4. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS): PMS is a collection of symptoms that some women experience before their period. These symptoms can include bloating, mood changes, breast tenderness, and fatigue.

Managing Your Menstrual Cycle

There are several ways to manage menstrual cycle problems. Here are some of them:

  1. Birth Control Options: Hormonal birth control pills or intrauterine devices (IUDs) can regulate the menstrual cycle and manage heavy bleeding or PMS symptoms.
  2. Lifestyle Changes: Regular exercise and a healthy diet can improve menstrual health. Women who exercise regularly are less likely to experience menstrual pain or irregular cycles.
  3. Managing Symptoms: Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen, can help manage menstrual cramps. Heat therapy, such as using a heating pad or taking a warm bath, can also help alleviate pain and discomfort.

It’s important to note that if you experience severe menstrual cycle problems or if they interfere with your daily life, you should talk to your gynaecologist in Singapore for further evaluation and management.

By understanding the menstrual cycle phases and common problems that may arise, women can better manage their menstrual health. Regular check-ups with a gynaecologist in Singapore can also help identify any underlying medical conditions and ensure timely management.

In summary, the menstrual cycle is a natural process that every woman goes through, and understanding it is crucial for overall health. By knowing the different phases of the menstrual cycle and common problems that may arise, women can take steps to manage their menstrual health and prevent any complications. If you have any concerns or questions about your menstrual cycle, don’t hesitate to talk to your gynaecologist in Singapore. With proper management, women can maintain their menstrual health and enjoy a better quality of life.

Categories
OB-GYN

Pap Smear vs. Pelvic Exam: What’s the Difference?

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Pap smear and pelvic exams are two integral parts of a typical well-woman visit, both of which are essential not only to maintain good reproductive and sexual health, but also to diagnose a medical condition or infection. Both are also conducted to detect gynaecological cancers.

Despite being usually done during the same appointment, a Pap smear and a pelvic exam are two different things.

What Is a Pap Smear?

A Pap smear or Pap test is a form of cervical cancer screening in Singapore that is done to detect abnormal (precancerous) or cancerous cells in the cervix. The procedure begins with the gynaecologist asking the patient to lie back with knees bent and feet placed on stirrups. The doctor will then gently insert a plastic or metal instrument called a speculum to widen the vaginal walls, allowing access to the vagina and cervix. A small spatula or soft brush is then used to scrape and collect a small sample of cervical cells. Once this is done, the speculum is removed, and the patient can sit back up. A Pap smear takes only 10 to 20 minutes to perform.

How Often Should You Have a Pap Smear?

It is highly encouraged by a cervical cancer doctor for women to have regular Pap smears from age 21 to 65. Gynaecological exams should be done annually, but in the case of a Pap smear, how often it should be done depends on the patient’s age.

If you are between 21 to 29 years old, and the result of your most recent Pap smear is normal, the doctor will advise you to do another Pap smear after 3 years.

If you are between 30 to 65 years old, you will also need to get a Pap smear every 3 years if the most recent one turns out normal. However, you are advised to undergo additional tests, including the human papillomavirus (HPV) test, which is done every 5 years. If both your Pap smear and HPV test come back normal, you can do the next round of test for both at the same time after 5 years.

If you are above 65 years old, you are no longer required to do screening. 

What Is a Pelvic Exam?

A pelvic exam refers to the visual and physical examination of the woman’s reproductive organs, including the vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, bladder and rectum. It is done to check for infections and structural or functional problems with the reproductive system. A pelvic exam is typically done every year, or more often if the patient is pregnant.

What to Expect During a Pelvic Exam

Similar to a Pap smear, the patient will be asked to lie down on the exam table and place her feet up on stirrups, which rest on each side of the table. During the course of the examination, the following procedures will be conducted:

  • External (visual) exam – visual examination of the vulva and vagina
  • Manual exam – The gynaecologist will put on a lubricated glove and insert two fingers of one hand into the vagina, while the other hand is placed outside on the abdomen. This is done to check for any problems with the size, shape and location of the uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes.
  • Speculum exam – The doctor places a speculum to widen the vaginal walls, allowing visual inspection of the vagina and cervix.
  • Pap smear – cervical cancer screening test
  • Rectal exam – The doctor will insert a lubricated, gloved finger into the rectum to detect any palpable abnormalities or tumors.

A urine test may also be conducted to check for problems or infections affecting the urinary tract.

When Should You Have a Pelvic Exam

Women ages 21 to 65 years old can undergo a pelvic examination. An individual who underwent transition but has not yet done or not completed surgical assignment surgery is also allowed to do testing.

It is highly recommended to first identify your medical history, or assess for symptoms or problems before doing pelvic exams. Some doctors allow annual pelvic exams while others suggest doing the exam every three years until the age of 65.

Takeaway

 Singapore has studies that show 309 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer with 172 dying from the disease. Cervical cancer is also the 11th most frequent cancer among women in Singapore between ages 15 to 44 years old. 

Women should not hesitate to visit any cervical cancer clinics for annual exams especially if experiencing abnormalities for immediate treatment or doctor’s recommendation. Patients should also be educated on when to undergo Pap testing or a pelvic exam.

HPV vaccines are highly recommended in Singapore to protect women against cervical cancer.

Categories
OB-GYN

How to Find the Best Gynecologist for Teens

As early as ages 13 to 15, teenage girls should start seeing a gynaecologist. This will not only check and maintain your daughter’s reproductive health but also develops her relationship with her gynaecologist, helping your teen become comfortable sharing the most intimate and personal health information as she grows.

What Are Obstetrician-Gynaecologists and The Services They Provide?

An obstetrician-gynaecologist (OB-GYN) is a medical professional that specializes in women’s health. An OB-GYN provides a wide and comprehensive array of services, ranging from obstetrics to gynaecological care.

These doctors offer preventive care services such as pap smears, pelvic exams, ultrasounds, STI testing, and blood tests. They can address problems regarding reproductive health, infertility, pregnancy, sex, among other things.

How To Choose a Gynaecologist for Your Teen?

Choosing the right gynaecologist for teens is important to ensure a healthy reproductive system, and that it would remain that way. A good gynaecologist is board-certified that holds positive reviews from patients.

Aside from great skills, several years of experience and impressive credentials, the best gynaecologist in Singapore knows how to make her patients feel comfortable during their appointments, which leads to better relationships and outcomes.

You may also want to ask your daughter about her preferences, but remember to lead her to a reputable one.

Here are a few vital reasons why your teen should see a gynaecologist:

  • To Get Overall Health Advice – A regular health check-up with a gynaecologist is part of a healthy lifestyle, sick or not. A gynaecologist for teens can provide helpful advice to maintain good health and educate your daughter about development stages. 
  • To Discover Essential Womanhood Info – Several body changes start to happen during the teenage years. They may get their first period, start growing pubic hairs, and other bodily changes that can make them feel uncomfortable and develop many questions in their head. Your teen deserves the best Singapore gynae who can answer all her questions and address her issues.
  • Discern Menstrual Issues – It may take up to 2 years for a girl to establish a regular menstrual cycle from the day it first starts. Some common menstrual concerns are irregular periods, heavy bleeding, pain, discharge, to name a few. All of which can potentially affect a girl’s health and fertility. Introducing your teen to a gynaecologist at an early age can help address these issues (if any) early enough.
  • Learn About Pregnancy – During the teenage years, learning information about pregnancy from a medical professional is a good thing. Your daughter should be aware that she’s fertile enough to get pregnant but isn’t mature enough to handle such responsibility and that there’s a right time to engage in a consensual relationship.
  • Relationships & Sexuality – Some teens can get involved in relationships and feel uncomfortable discussing such matters with their parents. It’s good that they have an expert by their side who they can open up to. A gynaecologist can discuss responsible sex, losing virginity, reproductive system function, and more. They can also inform your teen about lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender.
  • Yeast Infection – Yeast infection can result in something more serious if left untreated. If your teen has been experiencing symptoms like itchiness, burning sensation, soreness, and discharge, she must see a gynaecologist right away for proper treatment.
  • Become Aware of Sexually Transmitted Diseases – Your daughter’s visit to a gynae clinic in Singapore can give her insight about sexually transmitted infections, so she’ll know how to protect herself from them.
  • Pain or blood in urination – Experiencing pain or blood in urine can be a serious concern, which needs immediate medical attention. Consult a gynaecologist right away to help diagnose and treat the problem.

Final thoughts

Finding the right gynaecologist is worthwhile. As a parent, you can rest easy knowing that your daughter is well cared for. Since your teen will be sharing intimate and personal health information, her gynaecologist should essentially make her feel welcome and comfortable. Also, remember to choose a reputable and trusted gynaecologist for your teen.

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